Endangered Species Act
Endangered World Citizenship ?
ENDANGERED WORLD – CITIZENSHIP ?
By HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI
Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,
24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)
( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )
We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.
The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.
Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.
I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.
First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.
( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress
There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.
You need Police Protection for your normal duty:
Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.
One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd
would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!
An Hypothesis:
These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.
So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.
Twinning is influenced
A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!
( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity
A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.
Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a
physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.
This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.
A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.
Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!
Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.
Lack of Sociability
We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.
These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.
The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??
(
In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.
This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.
What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!
Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.
Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.
Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.
Hit Kishore Goswami
Bhopal, India
ENDANGERED WORLD – CITIZENSHIP
By
HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI
Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,
24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)
( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )
We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.
The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.
Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.
I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.
First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.
( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress
There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.
You need Police Protection for your normal duty:
Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.
One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd
would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!
An Hypothesis:
These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.
So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.
Twinning is influenced
A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!
( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity
A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.
Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a
physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.
This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.
A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.
Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!
Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.
Lack of Sociability
We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.
These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.
The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??
(
In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.
This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.
What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!
Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.
Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.
Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.
Hit Kishore Goswami
Bhopal, India
ENDANGERED WORLD – CITIZENSHIP
By
HIT KISHORE GOSWAMI
Retired Professor of Genetics , Barkatullah University,
24, kaushalnagar, Via Misrod, Bhopal (MP)
( Res: Phone: 91-755-2417156 )
We the world citizens are breathing in a very much insecure society with the increasing dimensions of newer techniques of creating nuisance, terror and ever increasing distrust among citizens world over. Bombs in the bus, train, cinema theatre, open market areas, aero planes and also lying on the garbage tins are only few exhibits of a few peoples’ hatred towards the progressive nations; innocent lives are becoming items of rampage. These inhuman acts are the outcome of free breeding corruption of excessively selfish, narrowly greedy and anti social persons widely distributed throughout the globe. Our irresponsible political leadership has fathered and faithfully nurtured these values for quite sometime, well above four decades. Even In India, we are now only preachers of peace but have always supported criminals and masked their inhuman acts as part and parcel of democracy. We were theoretically known as symbols of tolerance but as a national character now, we display complaints and dissatisfaction on every issue; we are said to believe in “forget and forgive”, but our instinct of taking revenge never calms down. This dualism of Indian practices has been most vividly viable for more than Fifty years; though said to be prevalent in all periods of human civilization. And this dualism or even pluralism of split personalities is rampant world over among all politicians, everywhere thus a common man is becoming an easy victim. This is principally on account of ever increasing economy at any and every cost and this global feature is the motive dogma of modern progress. To be honest in approach, economic progress is friendly to ethical values only in the beginning but soon becomes a bookish conjecture.
The new format of the society is non palatable to millions of simple, honest and humble citizens who believe in brotherhood, love to all human beings and duty as the foremost human religion: those who believe in second religion is an option of thoughts and way of life !!. I have counted heart beats of such people spread world over by way of personal talk, involving and sharing mutual respect.
Exhibition of hatred in the form of terrorism is the latest edition of quelling human values, feelings and ambitions of being a human being. Variable techniques of generating terror are continuously questioning our technological progress dependent-perversions. And the bitter truth is that we can never achieve perfect, clean and honest society. Not because such a society never existed anywhere but because, biologically, this is improbable, impossible and definitely imaginative. Perverts are always born, socially transformed /made, nurtured, and have always been “domesticated” by power.
I intend to enlighten on all these points on the basis of my own studies accumulated as by products of my principal focus in areas of Genetics, focusing principally on reproduction, survival strategies and adaptive behavior in plants and animals including humans dispersed in many countries. Studies conducted during last fifty years suggest that humans are more amenable, susceptible and also most adaptive.
First of all, I concentrate on impact of social turmoil on biological aspects of human behaviour and reproductive performance.
( 1 ) Prevalence of Excessive Social stress
There are many problems existing in our society which have become synonym with the region; the one I had known about was, or rather has been, the “Dacoit problem”. A dacoit word was first heard on All India Radio in 1955 which we remember “ Daku Mansingh mara gaya”; I was a student of 10th class and my father was then posted at Nowgong ( Chhatarpur ) as a Magistrate. During teen age we came across many instances and the drama popularly played on stages about “Sultana Daku” was an item of festive recreation in Northern India for several decades. Stories of both terrorizing and social services were commonly heard and people had labeled “ Good Daku” and bad/ cruel Daku” ( outlaws ) in the Bundelkhand region mostly in the belt extending around Chambal river and further going ahead to the villages around Jaulon in Uttar Pradesh. Dacoits have laid an inbuilt terror among masses and I remember that whenever I visited my relatives in Jaulon area during 1950s-1960s every one cautioned that I must return home by sun set and at any rate, I must never be alone. I always have had desire to go to natural forests, river beds and explore unseen places but was often loaded by a very unnatural tension. Further to this, we always heard some or the other news of killings, kidnappings in a nearby area thus giving enough support to my temporary care takers. The worst was that a gun man went with me in early morning for a walk . The story does not stop here , there are several pouring instances coming to mind but a relevant one is more important.
You need Police Protection for your normal duty:
Even as a lecturer in Botany at Government science college Gwalior, I use to request for a police guard to accompany our M.Sc.boys and girls and the guard were lifted in our hired government bus to the forest area around Tigrha dam , sometime on Shivpuri road ( 1967-1973) and we also took help of Ghatigaon Police station. In every walk of life we have people who live with joy and enjoy their duties, crack jokes, make people laugh and keep a congenial environ. I remember a few policemen who went many times with me and one of them once remarked “Goswami saab you have been self centred in your studies but never cared for us; you have collected dozens of plants but we could not collect a single daku in this area, help us in collection.” I gave him an advice, go in civil dress like a student, collect plants, learn few technical things and be of course armed by pistols etc in a botanical tool box , you never know it may work !.
One may not believe, I showed them signs of their (? dakus’) earlier presence. They “always” leave signs by unnatural placement of twigs, branches which no shepherd
would do that way, nor even a villager and by these non monitored code the dacoits send cautions/ messages to their colleagues. This was my conjecture !!
An Hypothesis:
These are some of the instances which installed a “faith” in my approaches of the problem that a society under permanent stress must have, in greater majority of people, an instinct of insecurity. Insecurity, suspicion under stress cause the pituitary gland excitement thereby secreting more hormones than needed. We talk of bravery but the moment we see a snake in the vicinity, eyes alarm message to the brain which is translated and within a small fraction of second pituitary functions, we have involuntary rise in blood pressure, fear becomes operative and voice becomes shaky. Human physiological responses are so interdependent on neurological responses and are so sensitive that fraction of a second can change the whole personality. In our old Indian Vedic literature we rate control of Anger, Fear, and Greed as testaments of a noble soul.
So, obviously, the society with percolated insecurity causing behavioural tension must be having visible impacts on human reproductive performances at the population levels; this hypothesis was tested on the hospital data collected from the records of maternity centers, primary health centers and hospitals in Gwalior region. The birth statistics from 1950-to1995 gave very alarming results. Also, we conducted family surveys mainly with the help of female students studying post graduate courses at our and many other University centers who offered help for this, apparently secretive but, otherwise very important work. This is worth mentioning here that these investigations were compared with very many kinds of population samples ( In biological context, we call a population sample constituting a breeding group, which in India varies with the caste system, sometimes also differing in languages; non tribals, tribals, communities living at high altitudes, sea shore area dwellers in south and also on moving chariots of Rajasthan) A very patient personalized project accumulated data, generated from MP ( with Cgarh ) Bihar( old), Himachal, Punjab, Srinagar, Andhra Pradesh and some sporadic samples has turned out to be a very genuine consolidated information, some of which have already been published in national and International Journals.
Twinning is influenced
A mother gives birth to more than one child with a difference of a few minutes to few hours. The phenomenon is known is “ Twinning’’ which ordinarily includes birth of triplets, quadruplets and more. Every population has a range of say 8 to 15 per thousand twin frequency ( means that out of 1000 births there are 8 or more twin births which also includes multiple births ). Scientifically, we want to know how many triplets and multiple births have taken place in a population, and these are very well recorded in each village. Twinning never goes unrecorded because this is, as ever, a matter of social curiosity, worry and tension of the mother and attending persons on the health of both, the new born and the mother. Taken as a whole proportion of twin births in one year in one area, and comparing another population in the same way, doing this for many years makes a difference. Biologically, we derive many inferences and offer very valuable comments on the intra and inter population differences and impact of environmental hazards. My studies published during 1970 and thereafter opined for the first time the role of age of mothers, their genetic background, which was upheld by Scandanavian workers. Twinning by and large is dependent on heredity, mother’s predisposition to environmental factors as well as her higher age ( mothers conceiving at 35 and more have great chances for a twin maternity ).This was intriguing that frequency of triplets in particular, showed rise in Morena-Gwalior belt during 1960- 1975 which alarmingly declined during 1975-1980. Our total data based on about 6 million births suggested that average frequency of triplets was 1 in 880 births ( only triplet frequency ) which had declined in 1975-1980 to be 1 in 1700 births. Presenting this work in Rome Conference in 1989 on Twins, I had presented this data causing dismay to many and curiosity to hundreds. As a possible explanation, I had expressed hormonal imbalance influenced by fear, anxiety, socially prevalent long term tension to be responsible for increased tendency of ovulation among women inhabiting this area. A very strong support to this hypothesis was cited from the published results of twinning in Europe during and after the first world war and more extensive data during and after the Second World war. The German and central European territory revealed maximum twinning rates during war-period decade which declined in late fifties. What a grand biological phenomenon to compensate the loss of human lives !!
( 3 ) Over medication is the pseudo outlet of insecurity
A species under great biological stress reproduces faster than, under reluctance.
Twinning is also known to be influenced by drug abuse, extra dosage of oral contraceptives and too much alcohol or other addictions. These all are under a
physiological monitoring principle of three ranges, minimum, optimum and maximum. Not all individuals respond exactly in the same way, even twins are like “two peas in a pod”, so we can never assign any one causative factor for any biological phenomenon.
This is a dogmatic truth that there is nothing which can be taken “final” in biology. But still we try to offer explanation and on matters such as the present one, collecting population data ( epidemiological study ) and using statistical comparisons with many relevant studies are very reliably applications.
A very unfortunate biological problem is regarding congenital malformations which are directly correlated with over medication, drug abuse and newer addictions ( not all congenital malformations are hereditary in nature ) The most famous example is the thalidomide tragedy in Germany. During 1940s the women used extra dosage of sleeping drugs which included this organic compound, thalidomide.
Based on chromosome studies on plant cells under the influence of the chemical thalidomide, then, extending it to epidemiological studies and also subjecting it to tissue culture observations, biologists came out with recommendations to ban thalidomide dependent drugs. This also revealed for the first time that drugs in molecular forms are not detained by placental barriers and can harm the developing embryo. Pregnant women are very much prone to such hazards !!
Scientifically also, as we pronounce ethically, motherhood is the greatest virtue of being a woman and a mother.
Lack of Sociability
We have made extensive studies on twins and twinning from different parts of the country ( now, more than 14 million births ) during 1964-2004, keeping in view the ecological variables and marriage patterns ( because, marrying with in the family, as in practice in many communities in India, brings common genes among their children ). There are many instances that I intervened in some marriages of muslim families in Bhopal and tried to convince both parties of possible dangers of genic combinations. I did so because they had asked my advice as a scientist, so how can I be unfair to them. Duty as a biologist always demands truthful discussion with any one, and oily tongue can please the persons but not serve the science.
These all honest approaches in a society can sustain longevity only when there is a mutual trust; now in modern progress we face the greatest scarcity of mutual faith.
The great Shakspeare wrote “ who is to be trusted in this world when one’s own right hand is opposite to the bossom”. We are experiencing every where only distrust because we feel insecure. What for??
(
In my book on “BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR” ( unpublished) I have mentioned “violence” to be a natural, original and universal instinct in biological systems. Insecure-society facilitates expression of violence, non-violence is suppression of egos, which has a minimal occupancy in a perturbed atmosphere. No one likes suppression of desires; even, no one wants to take heed of precautions.
This is a very surprising fact in behavioural biology that the factors which enhance distress can be associated with twinning as well as result in increment of abortion rates in human population. There are more than dozen biological and non biological factors for causing recurrent abortions and too early termination of pregnancies ( just in 4-6 weeks of gestation; before noticing pregnancy) but among environmental factors, induced long term social unrest is one of the well known parameters. Natural disasters and calamities have their own way of destruction. Struggle for survival as a species always goes on in the biological scenario.
What we ought to do is to make our demands having some end, egos need to be fenced by our sense of duties. Very honestly, our country shall never be able to get back to real Indian values of tolerance, acceptability of knowledge and mutual faith with respect. This is now impossible rather than difficult to revert back !!
Is this pessimism ? no, not at all. The time lost can never be regained, gone – age can be replayed on a stage or drama not in real life, damage on humanity goes in the space of time ! Best examples are from Indian history dating back to 3000B.C.
Lord Rama, could never live happily after Sita’s “uncalled for” exile. The great Karm Yogi, Krishna ultimately tells the true strength of “Time” Arjuna was convinced to do his job, Duryodhan did his job and above all Bhisma and Dhrithrastra were understood to continue to their jobs despite the fact that everyone was becoming aware of drastic consequences. I often feel amazed at the deeper extent of hatred in Dhrithrastra’s mind that he wanted to crush and mutilate Bhimsen even when he had lost each and every son, his empire and the total purpose of his life. Frustration or “hatred in finite” or both, inseparable ! The lust of power and hunger of revenge are immortal, these never die, they breed truly in masses for several social generations.
Hurt remnants of hatred transform their beliefs in ethos of their isolated religion. Human mind is the most evil mind in the biological world. So we will always have wars, man made disasters and self aimed destructions.
Hit Kishore Goswami
Bhopal, India
About the Author
Bush Neuters Endangered Species Act | ZapRoot
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A Guide to California’s Freshwater Fishes $19.95 The answers to these questions and many others, can be found in A Guide to California’s Freshwater Fishes by Bob Madgic. This book offers students, anglers, and all others interested in the natural world comprehensive and detailed information on the fish species inhabiting the Golden State’s rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Color illustrations of each fish species by artist William L. Crary accompany the text. Other illustrations include color photos of significant fish habitat throughout the state, and important maps and diagrams.This guidebook presents ways that fish can be grouped for identification and study purposes, a rationale on the ecological importance of native fish species and an identification of habitat conditions necessary for maintaining healthy fisheries. It contains a brief history of California fishes, beginning with the once abundant coldwater fishery native to the state, to the many introduced species brought to California. The impact of dams, reservoirs, and hatcheries is discussed, as well as the significance of governmental legislation such as the Federal Endangered Species Act. Information of recent activities and reports of fish biologists and governmental agencies can be found throughout this book. By way of summary, the author presents a stewardship agenda for preserving California’s rich fish heritage.Bob Madgic received a BA from Amherst College, and MA and PhD degrees from Stanford University. After a career in education, he is now devoting his time to conservation issues and writing about his lifelong passions — fishing and the outdoors. His first book, Pursuing Wild Trout, was published in 1998 (River Bend Books), and his articles appearregularly in California Fly Fisher as well as other magazines. This most resent book, . A Guide to California’s Freshwater Fishes , represents his ongoing commitment to informing the public on issues relating to native creatures, environmental preservation, and the world of nature. |
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A Review of Scientific Information on Issues Related to the Use and Management of Water Resources in the Pacific Northwest $27.83 Used – Original publisher: Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [2004] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)222013302 Subject: Water-supply — Northwest, Pacific. Excerpt: …Over 200 stocks of Pacific Northwest anadromous salmonids are considered at risk ( Nehlsen et al. 1991 ). The listing of various salmon under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( ESA ) has broad socioeconomic implications for water use across the entire region ( Larmer 2000 ). Decades |
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A Review of Scientific Information on Issues Related to the Use and Management of Water Resources in the Pacific Northwest $27.83 New – Original publisher: Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [2004] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)222013302 Subject: Water-supply — Northwest, Pacific. Excerpt: …Over 200 stocks of Pacific Northwest anadromous salmonids are considered at risk ( Nehlsen et al. 1991 ). The listing of various salmon under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( ESA ) has broad socioeconomic implications for water use across the entire region ( Larmer 2000 ). Decades o |
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A Review of Scientific Information on Issues Related to the Use and Management of Water Resources in the Pacific Northwest $18.38 Used – Original publisher: Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [2004] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)222013302 Subject: Water-supply — Northwest, Pacific. Excerpt: …Over 200 stocks of Pacific Northwest anadromous salmonids are considered at risk ( Nehlsen et al. 1991 ). The listing of various salmon under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( ESA ) has broad socioeconomic implications for water use across the entire region ( Larmer 2000 ). Decades |
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A Review of Scientific Information on Issues Related to the Use and Management of Water Resources in the Pacific Northwest $18.38 New – Original publisher: Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [2004] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)222013302 Subject: Water-supply — Northwest, Pacific. Excerpt: …Over 200 stocks of Pacific Northwest anadromous salmonids are considered at risk ( Nehlsen et al. 1991 ). The listing of various salmon under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( ESA ) has broad socioeconomic implications for water use across the entire region ( Larmer 2000 ). Decades o |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save Endangered Species $11.88 New – This is the story of how the Endangered Species Act failed a small songbird, the dusky seaside sparrow. The sparrows only habitat lay in the path of the Kennedy Space Center, not far from Disney World. Mark Walters moving narrative describes how the social and political forces of an era forced irrevocable and profound changes in the environment of Brevard County, Florida, and brought about the extinction of a small bird. Walters begins his story in the late 1950s, before Cape Canaveral was |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save Endangered Species $18.48 New – This is the story of how the Endangered Species Act failed a small songbird, the dusky seaside sparrow. The sparrows only habitat lay in the path of the Kennedy Space Center, not far from Disney World. Mark Walters moving narrative describes how the social and political forces of an era forced irrevocable and profound changes in the environment of Brevard County, Florida, and brought about the extinction of a small bird. Walters begins his story in the late 1950s, before Cape Canaveral was |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save Endangered Species $15.94 Used – This is the story of how the Endangered Species Act failed a small songbird, the dusky seaside sparrow. The sparrows only habitat lay in the path of the Kennedy Space Center, not far from Disney World. Mark Walters moving narrative describes how the social and political forces of an era forced irrevocable and profound changes in the environment of Brevard County, Florida, and brought about the extinction of a small bird. Walters begins his story in the late 1950s, before Cape Canaveral wa |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save Endangered Species $11.88 Used – This is the story of how the Endangered Species Act failed a small songbird, the dusky seaside sparrow. The sparrows only habitat lay in the path of the Kennedy Space Center, not far from Disney World. Mark Walters moving narrative describes how the social and political forces of an era forced irrevocable and profound changes in the environment of Brevard County, Florida, and brought about the extinction of a small bird. Walters begins his story in the late 1950s, before Cape Canaveral wa |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save an Endangered Species $2.09 Used – Mark Walters describes how the social forces of an era — the space program’s race to the moon, Florida’s real estate development boom, and the enactment and woeful misinterpretation of the Endangered Species Act — dramatically impacted the fate of the dusky seaside sparrow. |
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A Shadow and a Song: The Struggle to Save an Endangered Species $5.75 Used – Mark Walters describes how the social forces of an era — the space program’s race to the moon, Florida’s real estate development boom, and the enactment and woeful misinterpretation of the Endangered Species Act — dramatically impacted the fate of the dusky seaside sparrow. |
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Acting for Endangered Species: The Statutory Ark $3.99 Used – When Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973, it did so in the belief that threats to emblematic creatures like bison or commercial crops such as fish could be resolved simply by placing limits on hunting and trade. Few lawmakers could have foreseen how the implementation of that law would change over the years, as the directive to save seemingly insignificant species would extend to the protection of entire ecosystems. As the courts have interpreted the law in the light of a b |
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Acting for Endangered Species: The Statutory Ark $6.85 Used – When Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973, it did so in the belief that threats to emblematic creatures like bison or commercial crops such as fish could be resolved simply by placing limits on hunting and trade. Few lawmakers could have foreseen how the implementation of that law would change over the years, as the directive to save seemingly insignificant species would extend to the protection of entire ecosystems. As the courts have interpreted the law in the light of a b |
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Acting for Endangered Species: The Statutory Ark $14.95 New – When Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973, it did so in the belief that threats to emblematic creatures like bison or commercial crops such as fish could be resolved simply by placing limits on hunting and trade. Few lawmakers could have foreseen how the implementation of that law would change over the years, as the directive to save seemingly insignificant species would extend to the protection of entire ecosystems. As the courts have interpreted the law in the light of a be |
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Acting for Endangered Species: The Statutory Ark $19.95 When Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973, it did so in the belief that threats to emblematic creatures like bison or commercial crops such as fish could be resolved simply by placing limits on hunting and trade. Few lawmakers could have foreseen how the implementation of that law would change over the years, as the directive to save seemingly insignificant species would extend to the protection of entire ecosystems. As the courts have interpreted the law in the light of a better understanding of science, the ESA increasingly has become a tool used to block development projects and restrict private land use.Shannon Petersen has written a political and legal history of the Endangered Species Act that explains how and why this piece of legislation has become so controversial: a law hailed by many as one of the most intelligent ever written, reviled by as many as an ill-conceived impediment to progress. Others have recorded the ESA’s relationship to the emergence of modern environmentalism; Petersen now addresses the legal history of the Act, showing how the courts created a far more powerful law than Congress originally envisioned and profoundly influenced environmental policy during the last decades of the twentieth century.Acting for Endangered Species demonstrates that litigation and judicial decision-making have played a far more important role in shaping the modern environmental movement than has been previously thought. It focuses on two major controversies that developed over the implementation of the Act: a Supreme Court—ordered delay in dam construction when a fish called the snail darter was declared endangered and a threat to logging in theNorthwest in the interest of saving the spotted owl. In reviewing these seminal cases, Petersen demonstrates the complex interplay among government, science, environmentalism, and natural resource industries in shaping endangered species policy in America.The ESA is now over a |
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Acting for Endangered Species: The Statutory Ark $17 New – When Congress passed the Endangered Species Act in 1973, it did so in the belief that threats to emblematic creatures like bison or commercial crops such as fish could be resolved simply by placing limits on hunting and trade. Few lawmakers could have foreseen how the implementation of that law would change over the years, as the directive to save seemingly insignificant species would extend to the protection of entire ecosystems. As the courts have interpreted the law in the light of a be |
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Allan’s Lerista $28.08 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Allan’s Lerista (Lerista allanae) is a species of skink in the Scincidae family. It is found only in Australia. It is listed as Critically Endangered under the IUCN Red List, and as Endangered on Queensland’s Nature Conservation Act 1992.Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 3800 speciesranging across all continents except Antarctic |
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Allan’s Lerista $49.2 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Allan’s Lerista (Lerista allanae) is a species of skink in the Scincidae family. It is found only in Australia. It is listed as Critically Endangered under the IUCN Red List, and as Endangered on Queensland’s Nature Conservation Act 1992.Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 3800 speciesranging across all continents except Antarctic |
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Amend Endangered Species Act of 1973 to Ensure Recovery of Declining Biological Diversity of U.S., Strengthen Commitment of U.S. to Protect Wildlife, Safeguard Economic and Ecological Future of U.S. Children, Provide Certainty to Local Governments… $10.92 Used – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, prin |
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Amend Endangered Species Act of 1973 to Ensure Recovery of Declining Biological Diversity of U.S., Strengthen Commitment of U.S. to Protect Wildlife, Safeguard Economic and Ecological Future of U.S. Children, Provide Certainty to Local Governments… $12.13 Used – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, prin |
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Amend Endangered Species Act of 1973 to Ensure Recovery of Declining Biological Diversity of U.S., Strengthen Commitment of U.S. to Protect Wildlife, Safeguard Economic and Ecological Future of U.S. Children, Provide Certainty to Local Governments… $12.13 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
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Amend Endangered Species Act of 1973 to Ensure Recovery of Declining Biological Diversity of U.S., Strengthen Commitment of U.S. to Protect Wildlife, Safeguard Economic and Ecological Future of U.S. Children, Provide Certainty to Local Governments… $10.92 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
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Amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Improve/Protect Programs for Conservation of Threatened/Endangered Species, Equitable Treatment of Non-Fed. Persons and Fed. Agencies Under the ACT, Encourage Non-Fed. Persons Towards Species Conservation. $12.13 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
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Amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Improve/Protect Programs for Conservation of Threatened/Endangered Species, Equitable Treatment of Non-Fed. Persons and Fed. Agencies Under the ACT, Encourage Non-Fed. Persons Towards Species Conservation. $10.73 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
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Amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Improve/Protect Programs for Conservation of Threatened/Endangered Species, Equitable Treatment of Non-Fed. Persons and Fed. Agencies Under the ACT, Encourage Non-Fed. Persons Towards Species Conservation. $12.13 Used – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, prin |
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Amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Improve/Protect Programs for Conservation of Threatened/Endangered Species, Equitable Treatment of Non-Fed. Persons and Fed. Agencies Under the ACT, Encourage Non-Fed. Persons Towards Species Conservation. $10.73 Used – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, prin |
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Amendments to the Critical Habitat Requirements of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 $9.66 Used – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, prin |
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Amendments to the Critical Habitat Requirements of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 $9.66 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
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Amendments to the Critical Habitat Requirements of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 $11.45 New – The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print |
